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Item Status obywatela UE a europejski program w zakresie migracji(Portal Czasopism Naukowych Ejournals. eu, 2021-08-31) Strąk, KatarzynaPrzedmiotem tego artykułu jest próba oceny wpływu Europejskiego programu w zakresie migracji z 2015 r. na status obywatela UE. Ocena ta została zrealizowana w kontekście swobody przemieszczania się na podstawie art. 21 TFUE w dwóch obszarach. Pierwszym z nich jest tymczasowe wprowadzenie kontroli na granicach wewnętrznych państw członkowskich UE, drugim – środki przyjmowane przez państwa członkowskie, związane z utrzymaniem porządku publicznego i bezpieczeństwa publicznego, w tym ochroną przed zagrożeniem terrorystycznym. Materiał badawczy jest jednak stosunkowo nieliczny, ogranicza się do wybranych przepisów Kodeksu Granicznego Schengen i wybranych spraw przed Trybunałem Sprawiedliwości UE, w dalszym ciągu w większości przypadków jeszcze nierozstrzygniętych. Mimo to z analizy tej wynika konkretny wniosek. Przepisy unijne, nawet jeśli faktycznie ograniczają sytuację prawną obywateli unijnych, wpisują się w zakres ograniczeń dopuszczalnych. Rzeczywisty wpływ na ograniczenie praw wynikających z posiadania statusu obywatela UE mają przepisy państw członkowskich.Item A Risky Bet: Climate Change and the EU’s Microprudential Framework for Banks(Oxford University Press, 2022-04-02) Smoleńska, Agnieszka; Klooster, Jens van'tBanking regulation and supervision have a key role to play in realizing the EU’s climate change objectives. In this article, we analyse the EU-level initiatives currently underway to decarbonize the banking system, in particular with regard to the microprudential rulebook. We document how regulators work hard to fit climate policy into the existing objectives of the microprudential framework. We also assess whether these efforts are likely to be successful by sketching two ways forward, which involve their own distinct hazards. The first is a ‘Deferential Transition’, which sees policymakers rely on banks and external rating providers to develop adequate internal risk management procedures while taking a largely agnostic approach as to what methodologies are appropriate. If this is the way forward, we see a number of risks: banks have a clear incentive to downplay risk, while large financial institutions gain a significant advantage and the division of responsibility between banks and supervisors becomes blurred. We also outline the scenario of a ‘Guided Transition’, in which regulators provide fine-grained guidance on the future that banks should anticipate. Although we broadly think this approach is the more effective route to greening EU banking, we also see challenges of an entirely different sort: regulators will unavoidably face political choices and EU lawmakers will need to consider issues of legality, legitimacy, and accountability. In this regard, we argue, the EU faces a risky bet.Item Persuasion and Legal Reasoning in the ECtHR Rulings : Balancing Impossible Demands(Routledge, 2023) Mężykowska, Aleksandra; Młynarska-Sobaczewska, AnnaThis book analyses the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) from the point of view of argumentative tools used by the Court to persuade the audience – States, applicants and public opinion – of the correctness of its rulings. The ECtHR judgments selected by the authors concern justification of some of the most difficult issues. These are matters related to human life, human dignity and the right to self-determination in matters concerning one’s private life. The authors looked for paths and repetitive patterns of argumentation and divided them into three categories of argumentative tools: authority, deontological and teleological. The work tracks how ECtHR judges aim to find a consensual, universal and, at the same time, pragmatic and axiologically neutral narrative on the collisions of rights and interests in the areas under discussion. It analyses whether the voice of the ECtHR carries the overtones of an ethical statement and, if so, to which arguments it appeals. The book will be of interest to academics and researchers working in the areas of jurisprudence, human rights law, and law and language.Item Eurodac as an instrument of the EU return policy(Polish Review of International and European Law, 2018 Vol. 7 Issue 1, 2019-08-20) Strąk, KatarzynaThe proposed recast Eurodac Regulation of 2016 extends its previous scope so that both illegally residing third-country nationals and those who have entered the EU irregularly at its external borders could be identified and so that this information could be used by Member States to re-document them for return purposes. In this way Eurodac will, according to the European Commission, contribute to the fight against irregular migration. The proposal is meant to improve the effectiveness of the EU return policy by facilitating the identification of persons illegally on the territory of the EU. After it is adopted, the new Eurodac Regulation may be considered as an example of a flanking instrument of the EU return policy. It should be emphasised that on the one hand the provisions foreseen in the Regulation are highly valuable when it comes to ensuring the effectiveness of the EU return policy. On the other hand, however, it is still unknown what effects it will bring when adopted